Index of People

A

• Adleman, Leonard — Rivest, Shamir, Adleman and RSA · also in Randomness in Algorithms, The Antivirus Industry, The History of Wi-Fi, Cryptography: The Secret Science, Cybersecurity: The Invisible War, Manuel Blum: From Complexity to CAPTCHA, Public Key Cryptography: The Mathematics That Secured the Internet, Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman: The Key Exchange That Unlocked the Internet
• Allen, Frances — Frances Allen and Compiler Optimization · also in ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Barbara Liskov and Data Abstraction, Interviews and Oral Histories, Women in Computing: The Invisible Pioneers, IBM: The Company, The Computer Societies Movement
• Allen, Paul — Paul Allen: The Other Half of Microsoft · also in BASIC: The Language That Democratized Programming, BASIC: The Language Built for People Who Didn’t Want to Program, Bill Gates and Microsoft, Dead End: General Magic, Gary Kildall and the OS IBM Didn’t Take, MS-DOS: The $50,000 Operating System That Built Microsoft, The Altair 8800: The Spark That Started the Microcomputer Revolution, The Open Letter to Hobbyists: The Day Software Became Property
• Altman, Sam — Sam Altman and OpenAI · also in Andrej Karpathy and Modern AI, Anthropic and Claude, Automation and the Future of Work, Canada’s AI Cluster: How Three Universities Produced the Deep Learning Revolution, Computing and Music Creation, Copyright and IP in the Digital Age, Famous Leaks, Geoffrey Hinton and Deep Learning, Google: From Dorm Room to Digital Infrastructure, Ilya Sutskever and the GPT Series, ImageNet: The Dataset That Proved Deep Learning Worked, Jensen Huang and Nvidia: From Graphics to the Engine of AI, Jony Ive and Apple Design, Larry Page and Sergey Brin: The Accidental Empire, Microsoft’s 90% Fall and Return: The Ballmer Decade and the Nadella Recovery, Mistral, Reinforcement Learning, Satya Nadella and Microsoft’s Transformation, Speech Recognition, Stable Diffusion and AI Image Generation, The Cloud Wars: AWS, Azure, GCP, and the Infrastructure Battle, The Generative AI Revolution, The LLM Race (2022–), The Natural Language Processing Revolution, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, … and 5 more
• Amdahl, Gene — Gene Amdahl and the System/360 · also in The IBM Mainframe Era: The Computer That Ran the World, Camillo and Adriano Olivetti, Family Ties, Fred Brooks and the Mythical Man-Month, Hashing, IBM: The Company
• Andreessen, Marc — Marc Andreessen and Netscape · also in Mosaic: The Browser That Made the Web Mainstream, Dead End: Silicon Graphics, The IPO That Started a Bubble: Netscape, August 1995, AOL’s CDs: 50% of All CDs Manufactured in the World, Bill Gates and Microsoft, Brendan Eich and JavaScript, Cybersecurity: The Invisible War, Dave Winer and RSS, Dead End: Flash & The Plugin Web, Dead End: General Magic, Dead End: Gopher, the Web That Almost Was, Dead End: Sun Microsystems, Dead End: VRML & The First Metaverse, Dead End: Yahoo!, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, HTTPS Was Invented by Netscape, Ivan Sutherland and Sketchpad: The First Graphical Interface, Jeff Bezos and Amazon, Mitchell Baker and Mozilla, Mocha, LiveScript, JavaScript: The Name That Confused a Generation, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Public Key Cryptography: The Mathematics That Secured the Internet, Richard Stallman and GNU, Rivest, Shamir, Adleman and RSA, Ten Days in May: How JavaScript Was Built Under Deadline, … and 16 more
• Assange, Julian — Julian Assange: From “Mendax” to WikiLeaks · also in Chelsea Manning: The Analyst Who Leaked a War, Wau Holland: Conscience of the Chaos Computer Club, Anonymous and LulzSec: Hacktivism and the Mask, Famous Leaks, Outlaws and Provocateurs
• Atkinson, Bill — Bill Atkinson and HyperCard · also in Alan Kay and Smalltalk, Dead End: General Magic, Tony Fadell: From iPod to Nest, Ward Cunningham and the Wiki: The Simplest Thing That Could Possibly Work

B

• Babbage, Charles — Charles Babbage: The Visionary Architect · also in A Program for a Machine That Didn’t Exist, Ada Lovelace and the Analytical Engine, Babbage vs. the Street Musicians: A War That May Have Cost Computing a Century, Before the Computer: Mechanical Calculation, Computer Science Firsts, Family Ties, Leonardo Torres Quevedo and El Ajedrecista, Cryptography: The Secret Science, Deep Blue and Computer Chess, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, The Algorithm as a Concept: From Euclid to Turing, Interviews and Oral Histories
• Backus, John — John Backus and FORTRAN · also in ALGOL: The Language That Taught Programming How to Teach Itself, The Compiler: Translating Human Intent into Machine Code, The Compiler Nobody Believed Would Work, The History of Parsing: From BNF to ANTLR, Computer Science Firsts, Interviews and Oral Histories, APL: The Language Written in Its Own Alphabet, Alan Kay and Smalltalk, Assembly, Machine Code, and Bytecode: The Low-Level Layer, Concurrency and Parallelism: Threads, Locks, and the Hard Problem, Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, ENIAC and the First Electronic Computers, Edsger Dijkstra and Structured Programming, Frances Allen and Compiler Optimization, Gene Amdahl and the System/360, IBM: The Company, Jean Sammet and COBOL, John McCarthy and LISP, Kateryna Yushchenko and the Address Language, Konrad Zuse and the Z3, Newell and Simon: The Thinking Machines, Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard: The Inventors of Object-Oriented Programming, Prolog and Logic Programming: When AI Spoke in Clauses, Scientific and Numerical Computing, Simula: The Language That Invented Objects Before Anyone Called Them That, … and 8 more
• Baer, Ralph — Ralph Baer and the Magnavox Odyssey · also in Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Nolan Bushnell and Atari, Tennis for Two: The Game Built to Impress Visitors
• Baker, Mitchell — Mitchell Baker and Mozilla · also in Brendan Eich and JavaScript, Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, LLVM: The Compiler Infrastructure That Conquered Programming, Lotus 1-2-3: The IBM PC’s Killer App, Marc Andreessen and Netscape, Mosaic: The Browser That Made the Web Mainstream, Rust: The Language That Solved C’s Fifty-Year-Old Problem, The Attention Economy, The Browser Extension Ecosystem, The Browser Wars: The Fight for the Web’s Front Door, The Domain Name System: The Internet’s Phone Book, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, The IPO That Started a Bubble: Netscape, August 1995, The Net Neutrality Battles, The Open Source Business Model, The Open Source Revolution, The Open Standards Process: How the Internet Governs Itself, The Rise of Functional Programming, The Rise of Version Control: From SCCS to Git and GitHub, The Warez and Filesharing Era: Copying as Rebellion, Industry, and Revolution, Tim Berners-Lee and the World Wide Web, Tor and Anonymity Networks, WebAssembly
• Bankman-Fried, Sam — Sam Bankman-Fried and the Collapse of FTX · also in Dead End: Web3 and NFTs, Mark Karpelès and the Fall of Mt. Gox, Outlaws and Provocateurs, Ruja Ignatova: The Missing Cryptoqueen, The Cryptocurrency Revolution
• Baran, Paul — Paul Baran and Packet Switching: The Network That Was Never Built · also in The Myth: The Internet Was Designed to Survive Nuclear War, ARPANET: Building the Network That Became the Internet, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Larry Roberts and ARPANET: The Network Architect, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, The Connected World: From Packet Switching to the Global Web, The Networking Hardware Story: The Physical Internet
• Barlow, John Perry — John Perry Barlow and the Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace · also in The BBS Era: Bulletin Boards and the First Online Culture, The Digital Rights Movement, Computing in Popular Culture, Lotus 1-2-3: The IBM PC’s Killer App, Online Censorship and Internet Freedom, The Hacker Culture: Curiosity as a Way of Life
• Bechtolsheim, Andy — Andy Bechtolsheim and Sun · also in BackRub: Google’s First Name, Bill Joy: The Other Sun Founder, Dead End: Sun Microsystems, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Google’s First Server Was in a Lego Case, Google: From Dorm Room to Digital Infrastructure, Larry Page and Sergey Brin: The Accidental Empire, The Search Engine Wars: Finding the Web
• Bellman, Richard — Richard Bellman and Dynamic Programming · also in George Dantzig and the Simplex Method, Graph Algorithms, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Reinforcement Learning
• Bengio, Yoshua — Yoshua Bengio and the Montreal School · also in Canada’s AI Cluster: How Three Universities Produced the Deep Learning Revolution, Yann LeCun and Convolutional Networks, Canadian Information Processing Society (CIPS), Schmidhuber, Hochreiter, and LSTM, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Fei-Fei Li and ImageNet: The Dataset That Fed the Revolution, Frank Rosenblatt: The Forgotten Pioneer of Neural Networks, Geoffrey Hinton and Deep Learning, Machine Translation
• Benioff, Marc — Marc Benioff and Salesforce · also in The Rise of SaaS, India’s IT Industry, SAP: The Enterprise Software Giant Europe Built, Satya Nadella and Microsoft’s Transformation, Tech Labor Movements, The API Economy, The Database Wars: Oracle, Open Source, and the Cloud, The IBM Mainframe Era: The Computer That Ran the World, Venture Capital and Silicon Valley: The Money That Made the Industry
• Berners-Lee, Tim — Tim Berners-Lee and the World Wide Web · also in Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Ted Nelson and Hypertext: The Dream That Partially Came True, The Connected World: From Packet Switching to the Global Web, Usenet: The Original Online Community, Computer Science Firsts, Content Delivery Networks, Dead End: Gopher, the Web That Almost Was, Dead End: The Semantic Web, Human-Computer Interaction: From Terminals to Touch, Mosaic: The Browser That Made the Web Mainstream, The Search Engine Wars: Finding the Web, The Web’s Inventor Gave It Away, Vannevar Bush and the Memex, BCS: The Chartered Institute for IT, Bill Atkinson and HyperCard, Dave Winer and RSS, Dead End: VRML & The First Metaverse, Email: The Killer App That Predated the Web, Family Ties, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Marc Andreessen and Netscape, Radia Perlman and the Spanning Tree Protocol, Steve Jobs and Apple, Switzerland’s Tech Industry: Neutrality, Precision, and the Birthplace of the Web, The Browser Wars: The Fight for the Web’s Front Door, … and 2 more
• Bezos, Jeff — Jeff Bezos and Amazon · also in Cadabra, Relentless, and the Bookstore That Became Everything, Why Amazon Started With Books, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, The Database Wars: Oracle, Open Source, and the Cloud, The E-Commerce Revolution: Selling Everything to Everyone, AI Ethics and Algorithmic Bias, Africa’s Tech Industry: Leapfrog, Mobile Money, and the Continent That Skipped the Landline, Android: The Dominant Mobile OS, Andy Bechtolsheim and Sun, Anthropic and Claude, Arkady Volozh and Yandex: The Russian Internet, August 2, 2018: Apple Reaches $1 Trillion, Bill Campbell: The Trillion Dollar Coach, Brewster Kahle and the Internet Archive, Content Delivery Networks, Dead End: Google Glass & The First Wearable Wave, Dead End: HD-DVD, Dead End: The Semantic Web, Dead End: WAP and the Mobile Web, Dead End: Web3 and NFTs, Deep Blue and Computer Chess, Digital Maps and GIS, Distributed Systems: Consensus, CAP, and the Hard Problems, Fei-Fei Li and ImageNet: The Dataset That Fed the Revolution, Formal Methods and Model Checking, … and 57 more
• Blum, Manuel — Manuel Blum: From Complexity to CAPTCHA · also in Family Ties, Shafi Goldwasser and Silvio Micali: Proving Cryptography Works, The Accessibility Revolution in Computing: How Technology Learned to Include Everyone, Ukraine’s Developer Ecosystem: From Outsourcing Hub to Wartime Resilience
• Boole, George — George Boole and Boolean Logic · also in Claude Shannon and Information Theory, Family Ties, Geoffrey Hinton and Deep Learning, Tommy Flowers and Colossus
• Booth, Kathleen — Kathleen Booth and the First Assembler · also in Assembly, Machine Code, and Bytecode: The Low-Level Layer, Women in Computing: The Invisible Pioneers
• Brand, Stewart — Stewart Brand and the Whole Earth · also in The BBS Era: Bulletin Boards and the First Online Culture, Douglas Engelbart and the Mother of All Demos, John Perry Barlow and the Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Spacewar! Was the First Video Game to Spread Between Computers, Ted Nelson and Hypertext: The Dream That Partially Came True, The Digital Rights Movement
• Brandenburg, Karlheinz — Karlheinz Brandenburg and MP3 · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Data Compression, The Digital Music Revolution
• Bricklin, Dan — Dan Bricklin and VisiCalc: The Killer App · also in Computer Science Firsts, Gary Kildall and the OS IBM Didn’t Take, Lotus 1-2-3: The IBM PC’s Killer App, Steve Jobs and Apple, Steve Wozniak: The Engineer’s Apple, The IBM PC: The Open Architecture That Standardized Computing, The Personal Computing Explosion, The Spreadsheet Revolution
• Brin, Sergey — Larry Page and Sergey Brin: The Accidental Empire · also in Google: From Dorm Room to Digital Infrastructure, BackRub: Google’s First Name, Bill Campbell: The Trillion Dollar Coach, Google’s First Server Was in a Lego Case, Graph Algorithms, The Search Engine Wars: Finding the Web, Andy Bechtolsheim and Sun, Andy Grove and Intel, Dead End: Google Glass & The First Wearable Wave, Dead End: Google+, Dead End: Yahoo!, Google Tried to Sell Itself for $1 Million, and Was Refused, Karen Spärck Jones and Information Retrieval, Silicon Valley: How a Place Became a Myth, Sundar Pichai and Google, The LLM Race (2022–)
• Brooks, Fred — Fred Brooks and the Mythical Man-Month · also in Gene Amdahl and the System/360, UML and the Three Amigos, IBM: The Company, Ted Nelson and Hypertext: The Dream That Partially Came True, The IBM Mainframe Era: The Computer That Ran the World, The Multics Story, The Open Source Revolution
• Bush, Vannevar — Vannevar Bush and the Memex · also in Brewster Kahle and the Internet Archive, Claude Shannon and Information Theory, Ted Nelson and Hypertext: The Dream That Partially Came True, Tim Berners-Lee and the World Wide Web
• Bushnell, Nolan — Nolan Bushnell and Atari · also in Computer Space: The First Arcade Game That Failed So Pong Could Succeed, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Ralph Baer and the Magnavox Odyssey, Alan Kay and Smalltalk, Alexey Pajitnov and Tetris, BASIC: The Language That Democratized Programming, Canada’s AI Cluster: How Three Universities Produced the Deep Learning Revolution, Cisco: The Company That Routed the Internet, Dead End: The Amiga, Dead End: The Vectrex, Dead End: Web3 and NFTs, DeepMind and AlphaGo: The Match That Changed AI, Demis Hassabis and DeepMind: Games, Proteins, and the Path to AGI, Family Ties, Gary Kildall and the OS IBM Didn’t Take, Google: From Dorm Room to Digital Infrastructure, Jack Tramiel and Commodore, Motorola: The Company That Built the Cell Phone and Then Lost It, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Nintendo: A Century of Play, Reinforcement Learning, Shareware and Public Domain: Software Distribution Before the Internet, Spacewar! Was the First Video Game to Spread Between Computers, Steve Jobs and Apple, Tennis for Two: The Game Built to Impress Visitors, … and 13 more

C

• Campbell, Bill — Bill Campbell: The Trillion Dollar Coach · also in Mike Markkula: The Adult Supervision
• Carmack, John — John Carmack · also in The PC Gaming Revolution, Doom’s Piracy Strategy: Copying Was the Marketing Plan, Game Engines: The Engine as a Platform, The First Esports Champion Won John Carmack’s Ferrari, The History of the Video Game Industry, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Shareware and Public Domain: Software Distribution Before the Internet, The GPU Revolution: From Pixels to Intelligence, The History of Virtual Reality
• Cerf, Vint — Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn: Fathers of the Internet · also in Larry Roberts and ARPANET: The Network Architect, Interviews and Oral Histories, ARPANET: Building the Network That Became the Internet, BCS: The Chartered Institute for IT, Bill Joy: The Other Sun Founder, David Mills and NTP, February 3, 2011: The Day the Internet Ran Out of Addresses, Jon Postel: The God of the Internet, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Radia Perlman and the Spanning Tree Protocol, The Connected World: From Packet Switching to the Global Web, The Open Standards Process: How the Internet Governs Itself, Tim Berners-Lee and the World Wide Web
• Chang, Morris — Morris Chang and TSMC: The Man Who Made Chips a Service · also in The Semiconductor Race: The Geopolitics of Silicon, AMD and the x86 Underdog, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Jensen Huang and Nvidia: From Graphics to the Engine of AI, Qualcomm: The Invisible Tax on Every Phone, Ren Zhengfei and Huawei: From PLA Engineer to Global Telecom Giant, Taiwan’s Tech Ecosystem: OEM, ODM, and the Smiling Curve, Tim Cook and Apple
• Church, Alonzo — Alonzo Church and Lambda Calculus · also in David Hilbert and the Entscheidungsproblem, The Algorithm as a Concept: From Euclid to Turing, “Algorithm”: A Word from the 9th Century, Alan Turing and the Enigma, Automata Theory and Computability, Gödel and the Incompleteness Theorems, The Rise of Functional Programming, The Rise of High-Level Languages: The First Wave
• Codd, Edgar — Edgar Codd and the Relational Model · also in Larry Ellison and Oracle, Michael Stonebraker and Postgres, Computer Science Firsts, IBM: The Company, Jim Gray and the Transaction, SQL Was Called SEQUEL Until an Aircraft Manufacturer Objected, The Computer Societies Movement, The Database Revolution: From Filing Cabinets to the Relational Model, The Database Wars: Oracle, Open Source, and the Cloud
• Conway, Lynn — Lynn Conway and the VLSI Revolution · also in Women in Computing: The Invisible Pioneers, The Integrated Circuit Revolution: Shrinking the World
• Cook, Stephen — Cook and Levin: NP-Completeness on Two Sides of the Iron Curtain · also in P vs. NP and Complexity Theory: The Hardest Easy Question, Richard Karp and the 21 Problems, SAT Solvers, String Matching
• Cook, Tim — Tim Cook and Apple · also in Digital Maps and GIS, August 2, 2018: Apple Reaches $1 Trillion, Steve Jobs and Apple, The Death Nobody Noticed: Dennis Ritchie, October 2011, The Voice Assistant Revolution: Speaking to the Machine
• Cooley, James — Cooley, Tukey, and the Fast Fourier Transform · also in Rudolf Kálmán and the Kalman Filter
• Corbató, Fernando — Fernando Corbató and Time-Sharing · also in BASIC: The Language Built for People Who Didn’t Want to Program, J.C.R. Licklider and the Intergalactic Network, John McCarthy and LISP, Joseph Weizenbaum and ELIZA, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline, The History of Passwords and Authentication, The Multics Story
• Cray, Seymour — Seymour Cray and Supercomputing · also in The Supercomputer Era: The Fastest Machines on Earth, Dead End: Silicon Graphics, IEEE Computer Society, Marc Andreessen and Netscape, Mosaic: The Browser That Made the Web Mainstream, Scientific and Numerical Computing, The Browser Wars: The Fight for the Web’s Front Door, The IBM Mainframe Era: The Computer That Ran the World, Weather and Climate Modeling
• Cunningham, Ward — Ward Cunningham and the Wiki: The Simplest Thing That Could Possibly Work · also in Bill Atkinson and HyperCard, Computer Science Firsts, Design Patterns and the Gang of Four, Jimmy Wales and Wikipedia, The Agile Revolution: From Waterfall to Manifesto to Industry
• Cutler, Dave — Dave Cutler and Windows NT · also in Dead End: OS/2, The Windows Story, DEC and the Minicomputer Era, Dead End: BeOS, Dead End: Silicon Graphics, Early Networking Failures: The Protocol Wars, Famous Leaks, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Gary McKinnon: The UFO Hacker and the Decade-Long Extradition, SAP: The Enterprise Software Giant Europe Built, The Database Wars: Oracle, Open Source, and the Cloud, The Microprocessor Revolution, The Open Source Revolution, Unicode and UTF-8: The Long Road to a Universal Character Set

D

• Dahl, Ole-Johan — Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard: The Inventors of Object-Oriented Programming · also in Simula: The Language That Invented Objects Before Anyone Called Them That, ALGOL: The Language That Taught Programming How to Teach Itself, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, The Nordic Computer Societies, The OOP Revolution: Objects All the Way Down, Computer Science Firsts
• Dantzig, George — George Dantzig and the Simplex Method · also in Richard Bellman and Dynamic Programming
• Dean, Jeff — Jeff Dean and Google’s Infrastructure · also in Andrew Ng and AI Education
• Diffie, Whitfield — Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman: The Key Exchange That Unlocked the Internet · also in Computer Science Firsts, Cryptography: The Secret Science, Cybersecurity: The Invisible War, Phil Zimmermann and PGP: Privacy for the People, Public Key Cryptography: The Mathematics That Secured the Internet, Rivest, Shamir, Adleman and RSA, Shafi Goldwasser and Silvio Micali: Proving Cryptography Works, The Digital Rights Movement, The Vulnerability Disclosure Debate: Full Disclosure, Responsible Disclosure, and the Bug Bounty Economy
• Dijkstra, Edsger — Edsger Dijkstra and Structured Programming · also in Software Testing and QA: The Discipline of Finding Bugs Before Users Do, “Considered Harmful”: How a Title Change Launched a Meme, Interviews and Oral Histories, Operating System Concepts: Kernels, Processes, and Scheduling, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline, The Software Crisis: How a 1968 Conference Named Computing’s Permanent Problem, A* and Shakey the Robot, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, AICA: Italy’s Computing Society, ALGOL: The Language That Taught Programming How to Teach Itself, BASIC: The Language That Democratized Programming, Concurrency and Parallelism: Threads, Locks, and the Hard Problem, Dijkstra’s Algorithm Was Designed in 20 Minutes at a Café, Dijkstra’s Pen: Why the Greatest Computer Scientist Never Used a Word Processor, European Computer Science Academia, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Graph Algorithms, Leslie Lamport and the Science of Distributed Systems, Niklaus Wirth and Pascal, Richard Bellman and Dynamic Programming, The Algorithm as a Concept: From Euclid to Turing, The Computer Societies Movement, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, The Netherlands’ Tech Industry: Philips, ASML, and the Chokepoint, Tony Hoare and the Science of Programming
• Dorsey, Jack — Jack Dorsey, Twitter, and Square · also in “just setting up my twttr”: The $2.9 Million Tweet, The Social Media Revolution: Connection, Addiction, and the Fragmentation of Public Space, Bill Campbell: The Trillion Dollar Coach, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Peiter “Mudge” Zatko: The Hacker Who Warned Washington
• Draper, John — John Draper: Captain Crunch and the Blue Box · also in Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Outlaws and Provocateurs, The Hacker Culture: Curiosity as a Way of Life, The History of Hacking: From Exploration to Geopolitics

E

• Eich, Brendan — Brendan Eich and JavaScript · also in Ten Days in May: How JavaScript Was Built Under Deadline, Mocha, LiveScript, JavaScript: The Name That Confused a Generation, “Considered Harmful”: How a Title Change Launched a Meme, “Hello, World!”: The Origin of the Universal First Program, ALGOL: The Language That Taught Programming How to Teach Itself, Adele Goldberg and Smalltalk, Alan Kay and Smalltalk, Alonzo Church and Lambda Calculus, Anders Hejlsberg: From Turbo Pascal to TypeScript, Assembly, Machine Code, and Bytecode: The Low-Level Layer, Brian Kernighan and the Unix Tools, Christmas Day, 1994: The Birth of Ruby, ChromeOS and the Browser-as-OS: Google’s Bet on the Web, Concurrency and Parallelism: Threads, Locks, and the Hard Problem, Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation, Dead End: Flash & The Plugin Web, Dead End: Palm and the PDA, Dead End: The Semantic Web, Dead End: WAP and the Mobile Web, Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, Famous Leaks, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Garbage Collection: Automatic Memory Management, Go: The Cloud-Native Language, James Gosling and Java, … and 27 more
• Elbakyan, Alexandra — Alexandra Elbakyan and Sci-Hub · also in Outlaws and Provocateurs
• Ellison, Larry — Larry Ellison and Oracle · also in Edgar Codd and the Relational Model, SQL Was Called SEQUEL Until an Aircraft Manufacturer Objected, The Database Wars: Oracle, Open Source, and the Cloud, “just setting up my twttr”: The $2.9 Million Tweet, Android: The Dominant Mobile OS, ByteDance and TikTok: The Algorithm That Reorganized Attention, China’s Tech Industry: From Follower to Frontier, ChromeOS and the Browser-as-OS: Google’s Bet on the Web, Dead End: Intel Itanium, Dead End: Sun Microsystems, Dead End: Yahoo!, Germany’s IT Industry, Hewlett-Packard, James Gosling and Java, Japan’s Computing Industry, Kotlin and Modern JVM Development, Marc Benioff and Salesforce, Michael Stonebraker and Postgres, Mocha, LiveScript, JavaScript: The Name That Confused a Generation, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, SAP: The Enterprise Software Giant Europe Built, SQL: The Query Language That Outlived Everything, The API Economy, The Antivirus Industry, The Big Data Revolution, … and 12 more
• Engelbart, Douglas — Douglas Engelbart and the Mother of All Demos · also in Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, The Wooden Mouse: Douglas Engelbart’s First Pointing Device, Computer Science Firsts, Germany’s Computing Pioneers, Interviews and Oral Histories, Steve Jobs and Apple, Tim Berners-Lee and the World Wide Web, Alan Kay and Smalltalk, Computing in Popular Culture, Human-Computer Interaction: From Terminals to Touch, Larry Roberts and ARPANET: The Network Architect, The Demo That Showed the Future, 40 Years Early, The Xerox PARC Revolution

F

• Fadell, Tony — Tony Fadell: From iPod to Nest · also in Dead End: General Magic, Jony Ive and Apple Design, The IoT Revolution: When Everything Connects
• Faggin, Federico — Federico Faggin and the Microprocessor · also in Computer Science Firsts, Dead End: Wang Labs, Intel Was a Memory Company, Morris Chang and TSMC: The Man Who Made Chips a Service, Robert Noyce and Fairchild Semiconductor, The Integrated Circuit Revolution: Shrinking the World
• Flowers, Tommy — Tommy Flowers and Colossus · also in The UK Computing Industry: From Bletchley to DeepMind, Computer Science Firsts, Computing in Popular Culture, ENIAC and the First Electronic Computers, Elizebeth Smith Friedman: The Hidden Codebreaker, Family Ties, Germany’s Computing Pioneers, Helmut Schreyer: The Missed Electronic Age, Konrad Zuse and the Z3, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Recruiting by Puzzle, The History of the Video Game Industry, The Manchester Baby: The First Stored-Program Computer
• Friedman, Elizebeth Smith — Elizebeth Smith Friedman: The Hidden Codebreaker · also in Cryptography: The Secret Science, Women in Computing: The Invisible Pioneers

G

• Gates, Bill — Bill Gates and Microsoft · also in Gary Kildall and the OS IBM Didn’t Take, Paul Allen: The Other Half of Microsoft, The Altair 8800: The Spark That Started the Microcomputer Revolution, BASIC: The Language Built for People Who Didn’t Want to Program, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, The IBM PC: The Open Architecture That Standardized Computing, BASIC: The Language That Democratized Programming, CeBIT and the Age of the Computer Trade Fair, Dave Cutler and Windows NT, Interviews and Oral Histories, Secure by Design: A History of Software Security Engineering, The Open Letter to Hobbyists: The Day Software Became Property, AI Ethics and Algorithmic Bias, Adrian Lamo: The Homeless Hacker Who Reported Chelsea Manning, Africa’s Tech Industry: Leapfrog, Mobile Money, and the Continent That Skipped the Landline, Alexey Pajitnov and Tetris, Anders Hejlsberg: From Turbo Pascal to TypeScript, Andrej Karpathy and Modern AI, Android: The Dominant Mobile OS, Andy Bechtolsheim and Sun, Anthropic and Claude, Assembly, Machine Code, and Bytecode: The Low-Level Layer, August 2, 2018: Apple Reaches $1 Trillion, Australia’s Tech Industry: Atlassian, WiFi, and the Tyranny of Distance, Bill Campbell: The Trillion Dollar Coach, … and 171 more
• Goldberg, Adele — Adele Goldberg and Smalltalk
• Goldwasser, Shafi — Shafi Goldwasser and Silvio Micali: Proving Cryptography Works · also in Manuel Blum: From Complexity to CAPTCHA, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery
• Gonzalez, Albert — Albert Gonzalez: The Biggest Card Thief of the 2000s · also in Outlaws and Provocateurs, The History of Hacking: From Exploration to Geopolitics
• Gosling, James — James Gosling and Java · also in Anders Hejlsberg: From Turbo Pascal to TypeScript, Java Was Named After a Cup of Coffee, Adele Goldberg and Smalltalk, Android: The Dominant Mobile OS, Assembly, Machine Code, and Bytecode: The Low-Level Layer, Bill Joy: The Other Sun Founder, Dead End: Sun Microsystems, Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Garbage Collection: Automatic Memory Management, Kotlin and Modern JVM Development, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, The JVM and Java Ecosystem, The OOP Revolution: Objects All the Way Down
• von Gravenreuth, Günter — Günter von Gravenreuth and the Tanja Letters · also in Outlaws and Provocateurs, The Demoscene: Coding as an Art Form
• Gray, Jim — Jim Gray and the Transaction · also in Butler Lampson and Xerox PARC, The Database Revolution: From Filing Cabinets to the Relational Model
• Grove, Andy — Andy Grove and Intel · also in Gordon Moore and Moore’s Law, Dead End: The Intel iAPX 432, Robert Noyce and Fairchild Semiconductor, 10,000 to 27 Million: The Linux Kernel’s 2,700× Growth, 4.77 MHz: The IBM PC Ran on a Television Crystal, AMD and the x86 Underdog, Andrew Tanenbaum and MINIX, Andy Bechtolsheim and Sun, Assembly, Machine Code, and Bytecode: The Low-Level Layer, Australia’s Tech Industry: Atlassian, WiFi, and the Tyranny of Distance, BASIC: The Language That Democratized Programming, Bill Gates and Microsoft, Bluetooth, Bob Metcalfe and Ethernet, CeBIT and the Age of the Computer Trade Fair, Computer Science Firsts, DEC and the Minicomputer Era, Dave Cutler and Windows NT, Dead End: BeOS, Dead End: HD-DVD, Dead End: Intel Itanium, Dead End: OS/2, Dead End: Silicon Graphics, Dead End: Sun Microsystems, Dead End: Token Ring, … and 64 more
• Gödel, Kurt — Gödel and the Incompleteness Theorems · also in David Hilbert and the Entscheidungsproblem, AICA: Italy’s Computing Society, Alan Turing and the Enigma, Algorithmic Game Theory, Alonzo Church and Lambda Calculus, Automata Theory and Computability, George Dantzig and the Simplex Method, Kolmogorov Complexity, P vs. NP and Complexity Theory: The Hardest Easy Question, Randomness in Algorithms, Schmidhuber, Hochreiter, and LSTM, Shafi Goldwasser and Silvio Micali: Proving Cryptography Works, The Algorithm as a Concept: From Euclid to Turing, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline, The Busy Beaver Problem, The Ultimate Machine: The Box That Turned Itself Off

H

• Hamilton, Margaret — Margaret Hamilton and the Apollo Software · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Women in Computing: The Invisible Pioneers, 4 KB to the Moon: The Apollo Guidance Computer, Rudolf Kálmán and the Kalman Filter, The Embedded Systems Story: From ROM Firmware to Safety-Critical Software, The Space Shuttle’s Two Software Teams That Were Forbidden to Communicate, Whirlwind, SAGE, and Core Memory
• Hassabis, Demis — Demis Hassabis and DeepMind: Games, Proteins, and the Path to AGI · also in AlphaFold, DeepMind and AlphaGo: The Match That Changed AI, Sundar Pichai and Google, The UK Computing Industry: From Bletchley to DeepMind, AlphaZero: World Chess Champion After 9 Hours of Self-Play, Bioinformatics and the Human Genome, Canada’s AI Cluster: How Three Universities Produced the Deep Learning Revolution, Deep Blue and Computer Chess, Geoffrey Hinton and Deep Learning, Google: From Dorm Room to Digital Infrastructure, Jeff Dean and Google’s Infrastructure, Jensen Huang and Nvidia: From Graphics to the Engine of AI, Larry Page and Sergey Brin: The Accidental Empire, Mistral, Reinforcement Learning, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, The Supercomputer Era: The Fastest Machines on Earth, The Transformer: “Attention Is All You Need”, Yann LeCun and Convolutional Networks, Yoshua Bengio and the Montreal School
• Hastings, Reed — Reed Hastings and Netflix · also in The Streaming Wars, Content Delivery Networks, Copyright and IP in the Digital Age, Dave Winer and RSS, Dead End: HD-DVD, Recommendation Systems, The Attention Economy, The BSD Family: The Open-Source Unix That Survived a Lawsuit, The DevOps Revolution: Tearing Down the Wall Between Development and Operations, The History of the Video Game Industry, The IoT Revolution: When Everything Connects, The LLM Race (2022–), The Microservices Revolution, The Net Neutrality Battles, The Open Standards Process: How the Internet Governs Itself, The Warez and Filesharing Era: Copying as Rebellion, Industry, and Revolution
• Hejlsberg, Anders — Anders Hejlsberg: From Turbo Pascal to TypeScript · also in Brendan Eich and JavaScript, Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, The JavaScript Revolution
• Hellman, Martin — Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman: The Key Exchange That Unlocked the Internet · also in Cryptography: The Secret Science, Cybersecurity: The Invisible War, Public Key Cryptography: The Mathematics That Secured the Internet, The Vulnerability Disclosure Debate: Full Disclosure, Responsible Disclosure, and the Bug Bounty Economy, Computer Science Firsts, Phil Zimmermann and PGP: Privacy for the People, Rivest, Shamir, Adleman and RSA, Shafi Goldwasser and Silvio Micali: Proving Cryptography Works, The Digital Rights Movement
• Hilbert, David — David Hilbert and the Entscheidungsproblem · also in Gödel and the Incompleteness Theorems, John von Neumann, P vs. NP and Complexity Theory: The Hardest Easy Question, The Algorithm as a Concept: From Euclid to Turing, Alan Turing and the Enigma, Norbert Wiener and Cybernetics, The Antivirus Industry
• Hinton, Geoffrey — Geoffrey Hinton and Deep Learning · also in Canada’s AI Cluster: How Three Universities Produced the Deep Learning Revolution, John Hopfield and Neural Networks, Fei-Fei Li and ImageNet: The Dataset That Fed the Revolution, Family Ties, Frank Rosenblatt: The Forgotten Pioneer of Neural Networks, Ilya Sutskever and the GPT Series, ImageNet: The Dataset That Proved Deep Learning Worked, Jensen Huang and Nvidia: From Graphics to the Engine of AI, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, AlphaFold, Andrej Karpathy and Modern AI, Andrew Ng and AI Education, Canadian Information Processing Society (CIPS), Computer Vision, Content Moderation, DeepMind and AlphaGo: The Match That Changed AI, Expert Systems and the First AI Winter, Jeff Dean and Google’s Infrastructure, Judea Pearl and the Causal Revolution, Marvin Minsky and the MIT AI Lab: The Architect of Artificial Minds, Schmidhuber, Hochreiter, and LSTM, Speech Recognition, Yann LeCun and Convolutional Networks, Yoshua Bengio and the Montreal School
• Hoare, Tony — Tony Hoare and the Science of Programming · also in Ada: The Language the Pentagon Built, Concurrency and Parallelism: Threads, Locks, and the Hard Problem, Edsger Dijkstra and Structured Programming, Garbage Collection: Automatic Memory Management, Rob Pike: From Unix to Go, Type Systems: From Bug Catcher to Theorem Prover, “Considered Harmful”: How a Title Change Launched a Meme, European Computer Science Academia, Formal Methods and Model Checking, Go: The Cloud-Native Language, Kotlin and Modern JVM Development, Randomness in Algorithms, Swift and the Post-Objective-C Era, The History of Sorting, The Software Crisis: How a 1968 Conference Named Computing’s Permanent Problem, The UK Computing Industry: From Bletchley to DeepMind
• Hochreiter, Sepp — Schmidhuber, Hochreiter, and LSTM · also in Andrej Karpathy and Modern AI, Machine Translation, Speech Recognition, Germany’s Computing Pioneers, Yoshua Bengio and the Montreal School
• Holland, Wau — Wau Holland: Conscience of the Chaos Computer Club · also in Dead End: Bildschirmtext, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, The Hacker Culture: Curiosity as a Way of Life, The Digital Rights Movement, The History of Hacking: From Exploration to Geopolitics
• Hollerith, Herman — Herman Hollerith and the Punched Card · also in Barcodes and the UPC, Before the Computer: Mechanical Calculation, Gustav Tauschek: The Forgotten Inventor, IBM: The Company, The History of Sorting
• Hopfield, John — John Hopfield and Neural Networks · also in Geoffrey Hinton and Deep Learning, AlphaFold, Andrej Karpathy and Modern AI, Ilya Sutskever and the GPT Series, ImageNet: The Dataset That Proved Deep Learning Worked, The Natural Language Processing Revolution
• Hopper, Grace — Grace Hopper: The Queen of Code · also in The Compiler: Translating Human Intent into Machine Code, Computer Science Firsts, Interviews and Oral Histories, More COBOL Than Python: The Language That Refuses to Die, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Software Testing and QA: The Discipline of Finding Bugs Before Users Do, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, Two Waivers: Grace Hopper Joins the Navy at 37, Women in Computing: The Invisible Pioneers, Barbara Liskov and Data Abstraction, COBOL: The Language That Runs Banking, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Jean Sammet and COBOL, The Compiler Nobody Believed Would Work, The First Bug: A Moth in Relay 70, The History of Sorting, The Rise of High-Level Languages: The First Wave
• Hotz, George — George Hotz: geohot, the iPhone, and the PlayStation War · also in Outlaws and Provocateurs
• Huang, Jensen — Jensen Huang and Nvidia: From Graphics to the Engine of AI · also in The GPU Revolution: From Pixels to Intelligence, AMD and the x86 Underdog, Computer Vision, Dead End: Silicon Graphics, Fei-Fei Li and ImageNet: The Dataset That Fed the Revolution, George Hotz: geohot, the iPhone, and the PlayStation War, Morris Chang and TSMC: The Man Who Made Chips a Service, Samsung: From Dried Fish to the World’s Memory, Silicon Valley: How a Place Became a Myth, The ARM Architecture: The Chip That Runs the World, The LLM Race (2022–), The PC Gaming Revolution
• Hutchins, Marcus — Marcus Hutchins: The Accidental Hero of WannaCry · also in Outlaws and Provocateurs, The Ransomware Epidemic: The Industrialization of Cybercrime

I

• Ignatova, Ruja — Ruja Ignatova: The Missing Cryptoqueen · also in Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Outlaws and Provocateurs
• Ive, Jony — Jony Ive and Apple Design · also in Human-Computer Interaction: From Terminals to Touch, Steve Jobs and Apple, Tony Fadell: From iPod to Nest
• Iwatani, Toru — Toru Iwatani and Pac-Man · also in Federico Faggin and the Microprocessor, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Nolan Bushnell and Atari, The Console Wars: How Hardware Battles Shaped Gaming, The History of the Video Game Industry

J

• Jobs, Steve — Steve Jobs and Apple · also in Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Mike Markkula: The Adult Supervision, The Death Nobody Noticed: Dennis Ritchie, October 2011, Adele Goldberg and Smalltalk, Bill Campbell: The Trillion Dollar Coach, Dead End: The Mac Clones, Jony Ive and Apple Design, Nolan Bushnell and Atari, Steve Wozniak: The Engineer’s Apple, Stewart Brand and the Whole Earth, The $16,595 Future: The Xerox Star, August 2, 2018: Apple Reaches $1 Trillion, Bill Atkinson and HyperCard, Dan Bricklin and VisiCalc: The Killer App, Dead End: Apple Newton, Dead End: BeOS, Dead End: Flash & The Plugin Web, Dead End: The Apple Pippin, Gorilla Glass: The Material Nobody Wanted Until Jobs Called, Human-Computer Interaction: From Terminals to Touch, Interviews and Oral Histories, John Draper: Captain Crunch and the Blue Box, Larry Tesler and the War on Modes, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Pixar and Computer Animation, … and 166 more
• Joy, Bill — Bill Joy: The Other Sun Founder · also in Andy Bechtolsheim and Sun, Dead End: Sun Microsystems, The BSD Family: The Open-Source Unix That Survived a Lawsuit, The IDE Wars, The Unix Story: The Operating System That Ate the World, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn: Fathers of the Internet

K

• Kahle, Brewster — Brewster Kahle and the Internet Archive
• Kahn, Bob — Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn: Fathers of the Internet · also in Larry Roberts and ARPANET: The Network Architect, ARPANET: Building the Network That Became the Internet, Interviews and Oral Histories, The Connected World: From Packet Switching to the Global Web, BCS: The Chartered Institute for IT, Bill Joy: The Other Sun Founder, David Mills and NTP, February 3, 2011: The Day the Internet Ran Out of Addresses, Jon Postel: The God of the Internet, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Radia Perlman and the Spanning Tree Protocol, The Open Standards Process: How the Internet Governs Itself, Tim Berners-Lee and the World Wide Web
• Kare, Susan — Susan Kare and the Macintosh Icons · also in Bill Atkinson and HyperCard, Dead End: General Magic
• Karger, Paul — Paul Karger: Mr. High Assurance · also in Dead End: The Intel iAPX 432, Secure by Design: A History of Software Security Engineering, The Multics Story
• Karp, Richard — Richard Karp and the 21 Problems · also in Cook and Levin: NP-Completeness on Two Sides of the Iron Curtain, P vs. NP and Complexity Theory: The Hardest Easy Question
• Karpathy, Andrej — Andrej Karpathy and Modern AI · also in Marvin Minsky and the MIT AI Lab: The Architect of Artificial Minds
• Karpelès, Mark — Mark Karpelès and the Fall of Mt. Gox · also in Outlaws and Provocateurs
• Katz, Phil — Phil Katz and the Zip Format · also in Data Compression, Shareware and Public Domain: Software Distribution Before the Internet
• Kay, Alan — Alan Kay and Smalltalk · also in Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard: The Inventors of Object-Oriented Programming, Ivan Sutherland and Sketchpad: The First Graphical Interface, Butler Lampson and Xerox PARC, Simula: The Language That Invented Objects Before Anyone Called Them That, The Xerox PARC Revolution, Adele Goldberg and Smalltalk, Interviews and Oral Histories, J.C.R. Licklider and the Intergalactic Network, The OOP Revolution: Objects All the Way Down, ALGOL: The Language That Taught Programming How to Teach Itself, Bob Metcalfe and Ethernet, Brendan Eich and JavaScript, Computer Science Education: Teaching the Machine, Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, Design Patterns and the Gang of Four, Garbage Collection: Automatic Memory Management, Human-Computer Interaction: From Terminals to Touch, Larry Tesler and the War on Modes, Ruby and Rails, Software Testing and QA: The Discipline of Finding Bugs Before Users Do, Swift and the Post-Objective-C Era, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, The History of Desktop Environments, The Mobile Computing Revolution: The Computer in the Pocket, The Nordic Computer Societies, … and 3 more
• Kernighan, Brian — Brian Kernighan and the Unix Tools · also in “Hello, World!”: The Origin of the Universal First Program, Bell Labs: The Idea Factory, Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Rob Pike: From Unix to Go, The Death Nobody Noticed: Dennis Ritchie, October 2011, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, The Unix Story: The Operating System That Ate the World
• Kilby, Jack — Jack Kilby and the Integrated Circuit · also in Robert Noyce and Fairchild Semiconductor, Computer Science Firsts, Morris Chang and TSMC: The Man Who Made Chips a Service, The Integrated Circuit Revolution: Shrinking the World, George Boole and Boolean Logic, Silicon Valley: How a Place Became a Myth
• Kildall, Gary — Gary Kildall and the OS IBM Didn’t Take · also in The Personal Computing Explosion, Bill Gates and Microsoft, The IBM PC: The Open Architecture That Standardized Computing, IBM: The Company, MS-DOS: The $50,000 Operating System That Built Microsoft, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, The Atari ST
• Knuth, Donald — Donald Knuth and the Art of Computer Programming · also in The Hexadecimal Dollar: Donald Knuth’s Bug Bounty, Donald Knuth Has Not Used Email Since 1990, Interviews and Oral Histories, P vs. NP and Complexity Theory: The Hardest Easy Question, The Algorithm as a Concept: From Euclid to Turing, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation, Hashing, Leslie Lamport and the Science of Distributed Systems, String Matching, The Computer Societies Movement, The History of Parsing: From BNF to ANTLR, The History of Sorting
• Kálmán, Rudolf — Rudolf Kálmán and the Kalman Filter

L

• Lamarr, Hedy — Hedy Lamarr and Frequency Hopping · also in Bluetooth, Qualcomm: The Invisible Tax on Every Phone
• Lamo, Adrian — Adrian Lamo: The Homeless Hacker Who Reported Chelsea Manning · also in Chelsea Manning: The Analyst Who Leaked a War, Outlaws and Provocateurs, The Hacker Culture: Curiosity as a Way of Life, The History of Hacking: From Exploration to Geopolitics
• Lamport, Leslie — Leslie Lamport and the Science of Distributed Systems · also in Distributed Systems: Consensus, CAP, and the Hard Problems, Formal Methods and Model Checking, Interviews and Oral Histories, Butler Lampson and Xerox PARC, David Mills and NTP, Donald Knuth and the Art of Computer Programming, Jeff Dean and Google’s Infrastructure
• Lampson, Butler — Butler Lampson and Xerox PARC · also in Adele Goldberg and Smalltalk, Adobe: The Creative Software Empire, Alan Kay and Smalltalk, Bob Metcalfe and Ethernet, Brendan Eich and JavaScript, Computer Science Firsts, Douglas Engelbart and the Mother of All Demos, Early Networking Failures: The Protocol Wars, Family Ties, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Germany’s Computing Pioneers, Human-Computer Interaction: From Terminals to Touch, IEEE Computer Society, Ivan Sutherland and Sketchpad: The First Graphical Interface, J.C.R. Licklider and the Intergalactic Network, John Warnock and PostScript, Ken Sakamura and TRON, Larry Tesler and the War on Modes, Lynn Conway and the VLSI Revolution, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Simula: The Language That Invented Objects Before Anyone Called Them That, Steve Jobs and Apple, The $16,595 Future: The Xerox Star, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline, The Demo That Showed the Future, 40 Years Early, … and 12 more
• LeCun, Yann — Yann LeCun and Convolutional Networks · also in Canada’s AI Cluster: How Three Universities Produced the Deep Learning Revolution, Geoffrey Hinton and Deep Learning, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Canadian Information Processing Society (CIPS), Computer Vision, Deep Blue and Computer Chess, Fei-Fei Li and ImageNet: The Dataset That Fed the Revolution, France’s Tech Industry: Minitel, State Ambition, and the Grande École Pipeline, Frank Rosenblatt: The Forgotten Pioneer of Neural Networks, ImageNet: The Dataset That Proved Deep Learning Worked, Schmidhuber, Hochreiter, and LSTM, The Generative AI Revolution, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, Yoshua Bengio and the Montreal School
• Levin, Leonid — Cook and Levin: NP-Completeness on Two Sides of the Iron Curtain · also in P vs. NP and Complexity Theory: The Hardest Easy Question, Richard Karp and the 21 Problems, SAT Solvers
• Li, Fei-Fei — Fei-Fei Li and ImageNet: The Dataset That Fed the Revolution · also in ImageNet: The Dataset That Proved Deep Learning Worked, Andrej Karpathy and Modern AI, Computer Vision, Geoffrey Hinton and Deep Learning, Jensen Huang and Nvidia: From Graphics to the Engine of AI, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, Yann LeCun and Convolutional Networks
• Licklider, J.C.R. — J.C.R. Licklider and the Intergalactic Network · also in Larry Roberts and ARPANET: The Network Architect, “LO”: The First Message Sent on the ARPANET, ARPANET: Building the Network That Became the Internet, Alan Kay and Smalltalk, Ivan Sutherland and Sketchpad: The First Graphical Interface, Ted Nelson and Hypertext: The Dream That Partially Came True, The Connected World: From Packet Switching to the Global Web, The First Email: A Message Not Worth Reading, The Myth: The Internet Was Designed to Survive Nuclear War, Vannevar Bush and the Memex, Whirlwind, SAGE, and Core Memory
• Liskov, Barbara — Barbara Liskov and Data Abstraction · also in ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Interviews and Oral Histories, The Computer Societies Movement
• Lovelace, Ada — Ada Lovelace and the Analytical Engine · also in A Program for a Machine That Didn’t Exist, Computer Science Firsts, BCS: The Chartered Institute for IT, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, The Algorithm as a Concept: From Euclid to Turing, Women in Computing: The Invisible Pioneers, Ada: The Language the Pentagon Built, Babbage vs. the Street Musicians: A War That May Have Cost Computing a Century, Before the Computer: Mechanical Calculation, Charles Babbage: The Visionary Architect, Family Ties

M

• Ma, Jack — Jack Ma and Alibaba: China’s Internet Pioneer · also in Arkady Volozh and Yandex: The Russian Internet, China Computer Federation (CCF), China’s Tech Industry: From Follower to Frontier, Dead End: Yahoo!, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Southeast Asia’s Tech Industry: Grab, Gojek, and the Super-App Archipelago, Tencent: WeChat, Gaming, and the Super-App Model, The Cloud Wars: AWS, Azure, GCP, and the Infrastructure Battle, The Middle East’s Tech Industry: Oil Money, Startups, and the Vision 2030 Bet, The Open Hardware Movement: Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and the Democratization of Making
• Manning, Chelsea — Chelsea Manning: The Analyst Who Leaked a War · also in Adrian Lamo: The Homeless Hacker Who Reported Chelsea Manning, Julian Assange: From “Mendax” to WikiLeaks, Famous Leaks, Outlaws and Provocateurs, The Hacker Culture: Curiosity as a Way of Life, The History of Hacking: From Exploration to Geopolitics
• Markkula, Mike — Mike Markkula: The Adult Supervision · also in Bill Campbell: The Trillion Dollar Coach, Nolan Bushnell and Atari
• McAfee, John — John McAfee: From Antivirus Pioneer to Fugitive · also in The Antivirus Industry, Outlaws and Provocateurs
• McCarthy, John — John McCarthy and LISP · also in Newell and Simon: The Thinking Machines, Alonzo Church and Lambda Calculus, Computer Science Firsts, Garbage Collection: Automatic Memory Management, Marvin Minsky and the MIT AI Lab: The Architect of Artificial Minds, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Claude Shannon: The Juggling Mathematician of Bell Labs, Expert Systems and the First AI Winter, J.C.R. Licklider and the Intergalactic Network, Joseph Weizenbaum and ELIZA, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Ruby and Rails, Seymour Papert and the Children’s Machine, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline, The Cloud Computing Era: When the Server Disappeared, The Philosophy of Programming Languages, The Rise of Functional Programming, The Rise of High-Level Languages: The First Wave
• McIlroy, Doug — Doug McIlroy and Unix Pipes · also in Bell Labs: The Idea Factory, Brian Kernighan and the Unix Tools, Ken Thompson and Unix, Rob Pike: From Unix to Go, The Philosophy of Programming Languages, The Unix Story: The Operating System That Ate the World
• McKinnon, Gary — Gary McKinnon: The UFO Hacker and the Decade-Long Extradition · also in Julian Assange: From “Mendax” to WikiLeaks, Outlaws and Provocateurs, The Hacker Culture: Curiosity as a Way of Life, The History of Hacking: From Exploration to Geopolitics
• Metcalfe, Bob — Bob Metcalfe and Ethernet · also in Computer Science Firsts, The Xerox PARC Revolution, Andy Bechtolsheim and Sun, Butler Lampson and Xerox PARC, Coding Theory and Error Correction, Dead End: Google Stadia, Dead End: Token Ring, Early Networking Failures: The Protocol Wars, IEEE Computer Society, Lynn Conway and the VLSI Revolution, Radia Perlman and the Spanning Tree Protocol, Seymour Cray and Supercomputing, The $16,595 Future: The Xerox Star, The Computer Societies Movement, The Connected World: From Packet Switching to the Global Web, The Console Wars: How Hardware Battles Shaped Gaming, The Dot-com Bubble: Irrational Exuberance and the First Internet Crash, The History of Wi-Fi, The Networking Hardware Story: The Physical Internet, The Open Standards Process: How the Internet Governs Itself, The Raspberry Pi: Designed for Children, Bought by Adults, The Supercomputer Era: The Fastest Machines on Earth, Wi-Fi Doesn’t Stand for Anything
• Micali, Silvio — Shafi Goldwasser and Silvio Micali: Proving Cryptography Works · also in Manuel Blum: From Complexity to CAPTCHA, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery
• Mills, David — David Mills and NTP · also in The Open Source Movement
• Milner, Robin — Robin Milner: The Logician Who Shaped Programming · also in Type Systems: From Bug Catcher to Theorem Prover, Alonzo Church and Lambda Calculus, European Computer Science Academia
• Minsky, Marvin — Marvin Minsky and the MIT AI Lab: The Architect of Artificial Minds · also in The Ultimate Machine: The Box That Turned Itself Off, Interviews and Oral Histories, John McCarthy and LISP, Seymour Papert and the Children’s Machine, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Brewster Kahle and the Internet Archive, Canada’s AI Cluster: How Three Universities Produced the Deep Learning Revolution, Computing in Popular Culture, ELIZA: The Chatbot That Horrified Its Creator, Frank Rosenblatt: The Forgotten Pioneer of Neural Networks, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, J.C.R. Licklider and the Intergalactic Network, Joseph Weizenbaum and ELIZA, Manuel Blum: From Complexity to CAPTCHA, Richard Stallman and GNU
• Mitnick, Kevin — Kevin Mitnick: The Most Wanted Computer Criminal in America · also in Kevin Mitnick: The Art of the Phone Call, Kevin Poulsen: Dark Dante and the Radio Station Hack, The History of Hacking: From Exploration to Geopolitics, Computing in Popular Culture, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Outlaws and Provocateurs, Peiter “Mudge” Zatko: The Hacker Who Warned Washington, The Hacker Culture: Curiosity as a Way of Life
• Moore, Gordon — Gordon Moore and Moore’s Law · also in Robert Noyce and Fairchild Semiconductor, Andy Grove and Intel, Intel Was a Memory Company, Moore’s Law: What It Actually Said, Interviews and Oral Histories, Jack Kilby and the Integrated Circuit, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Silicon Valley: How a Place Became a Myth, The Transistor: The Invention That Made Everything Else Possible, Bioinformatics and the Human Genome, Concurrency and Parallelism: Threads, Locks, and the Hard Problem, Dead End: Silicon Graphics, Dead End: Sun Microsystems, Federico Faggin and the Microprocessor, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Japan’s Computing Industry, John McCarthy and LISP, Morris Chang and TSMC: The Man Who Made Chips a Service, Niklaus Wirth and Pascal, Seymour Cray and Supercomputing, The GPU Revolution: From Pixels to Intelligence, The Integrated Circuit Revolution: Shrinking the World, The Lisp Machine Era: The Rise and Fall of AI Specialization, The Microprocessor Revolution, The Netherlands’ Tech Industry: Philips, ASML, and the Chokepoint, … and 5 more
• Morris, Robert Tappan — Robert Tappan Morris and the First Internet Worm · also in Computer Science Firsts, Cybersecurity: The Invisible War, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Outlaws and Provocateurs, Peiter “Mudge” Zatko: The Hacker Who Warned Washington, The Worm and the Accelerator: Robert Morris and Y Combinator
• Musk, Elon — Elon Musk and Software-Defined Industry · also in Andrej Karpathy and Modern AI, Peiter “Mudge” Zatko: The Hacker Who Warned Washington, Peter Thiel and the PayPal Mafia, The Autonomous Vehicle Race: The Longest Last Mile in Technological History, The E-Commerce Revolution: Selling Everything to Everyone, “just setting up my twttr”: The $2.9 Million Tweet, From Carburetor to Code: The Computer in the Car, George Hotz: geohot, the iPhone, and the PlayStation War, Jack Dorsey, Twitter, and Square, Mark Zuckerberg and Facebook: The Social Network That Rewired Society, Sam Altman and OpenAI, Tencent: WeChat, Gaming, and the Super-App Model, The LLM Race (2022–), The Remote Work Revolution

N

• Nadella, Satya — Satya Nadella and Microsoft’s Transformation · also in Microsoft’s 90% Fall and Return: The Ballmer Decade and the Nadella Recovery, The Windows Story, Anders Hejlsberg: From Turbo Pascal to TypeScript, Dead End: Microsoft’s Mobile Failures, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, India’s IT Industry, Sam Altman and OpenAI, The Accessibility Revolution in Computing: How Technology Learned to Include Everyone, The Cloud Wars: AWS, Azure, GCP, and the Infrastructure Battle, The History of the Video Game Industry, The IDE Wars, The Rise of Version Control: From SCCS to Git and GitHub
• Nelson, Ted — Ted Nelson and Hypertext: The Dream That Partially Came True · also in Human-Computer Interaction: From Terminals to Touch, Interviews and Oral Histories, Vannevar Bush and the Memex, Brewster Kahle and the Internet Archive, Douglas Engelbart and the Mother of All Demos, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, J.C.R. Licklider and the Intergalactic Network, PHP: The Language Built to Track a Resume, PHP: The Web’s Workhorse, Stewart Brand and the Whole Earth, The CGI Revolution, The Connected World: From Packet Switching to the Global Web, The Demo That Showed the Future, 40 Years Early, The Open Standards Process: How the Internet Governs Itself
• Neumann, John von — John von Neumann · also in The Von Neumann Architecture, Monte Carlo Methods, Scientific and Numerical Computing, Von Neumann’s Memory: The Human Calculator, Weather and Climate Modeling, Algorithmic Game Theory, BASIC: The Language Built for People Who Didn’t Want to Program, Charles Babbage: The Visionary Architect, Claude Shannon and Information Theory, ENIAC and the First Electronic Computers, George Dantzig and the Simplex Method, John McCarthy and LISP, Kathleen Booth and the First Assembler, Maurice Wilkes and EDSAC, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Norbert Wiener and Cybernetics, The History of Sorting, The Weather Machine: What ENIAC Operators Were Told
• Newell, Allen — Newell and Simon: The Thinking Machines · also in Expert Systems and the First AI Winter, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Human-Computer Interaction: From Terminals to Touch, J.C.R. Licklider and the Intergalactic Network, John McCarthy and LISP
• Ng, Andrew — Andrew Ng and AI Education · also in Computer Science Education: Teaching the Machine, Fei-Fei Li and ImageNet: The Dataset That Fed the Revolution, ImageNet: The Dataset That Proved Deep Learning Worked, Jeff Dean and Google’s Infrastructure, Jensen Huang and Nvidia: From Graphics to the Engine of AI
• Noyce, Robert — Robert Noyce and Fairchild Semiconductor · also in Gordon Moore and Moore’s Law, Jack Kilby and the Integrated Circuit, Andy Grove and Intel, Intel Was a Memory Company, Silicon Valley: How a Place Became a Myth, The Integrated Circuit Revolution: Shrinking the World, The Transistor: The Invention That Made Everything Else Possible, Venture Capital and Silicon Valley: The Money That Made the Industry, AMD and the x86 Underdog, Bob Widlar and Analog Integrated Circuits, Computer Science Firsts, December 16, 1947: The Invention That Changed Everything, Federico Faggin and the Microprocessor, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, George Boole and Boolean Logic, Mike Markkula: The Adult Supervision, Moore’s Law: What It Actually Said, The Semiconductor Race: The Geopolitics of Silicon
• Nygaard, Kristen — Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard: The Inventors of Object-Oriented Programming · also in Simula: The Language That Invented Objects Before Anyone Called Them That, The Nordic Computer Societies, ALGOL: The Language That Taught Programming How to Teach Itself, Computer Science Firsts, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, The OOP Revolution: Objects All the Way Down

O

• Olivetti, Adriano — Camillo and Adriano Olivetti · also in AICA: Italy’s Computing Society, Family Ties
• Olivetti, Camillo — Camillo and Adriano Olivetti · also in AICA: Italy’s Computing Society, Family Ties

P

• Page, Larry — Larry Page and Sergey Brin: The Accidental Empire · also in Google: From Dorm Room to Digital Infrastructure, BackRub: Google’s First Name, Bill Campbell: The Trillion Dollar Coach, Google’s First Server Was in a Lego Case, Graph Algorithms, The Search Engine Wars: Finding the Web, Andy Bechtolsheim and Sun, Andy Grove and Intel, Dead End: Google Glass & The First Wearable Wave, Dead End: Google+, Dead End: Yahoo!, Google Tried to Sell Itself for $1 Million, and Was Refused, Karen Spärck Jones and Information Retrieval, Silicon Valley: How a Place Became a Myth, Sundar Pichai and Google, The LLM Race (2022–)
• Pajitnov, Alexey — Alexey Pajitnov and Tetris · also in Nintendo: A Century of Play, The History of the Video Game Industry, The IDE Wars
• Papert, Seymour — Seymour Papert and the Children’s Machine · also in Computer Science Education: Teaching the Machine, Alan Kay and Smalltalk, Canada’s AI Cluster: How Three Universities Produced the Deep Learning Revolution, Computer Vision, Frank Rosenblatt: The Forgotten Pioneer of Neural Networks, Human-Computer Interaction: From Terminals to Touch, Marvin Minsky and the MIT AI Lab: The Architect of Artificial Minds, SADIO: Argentina’s Computing Society, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution
• Pearl, Judea — Judea Pearl and the Causal Revolution · also in Scientific and Numerical Computing, Speech Recognition
• Perlman, Radia — Radia Perlman and the Spanning Tree Protocol
• Pichai, Sundar — Sundar Pichai and Google · also in Larry Page and Sergey Brin: The Accidental Empire, Bill Campbell: The Trillion Dollar Coach, ChromeOS and the Browser-as-OS: Google’s Bet on the Web, Google: From Dorm Room to Digital Infrastructure, India’s IT Industry, The LLM Race (2022–)
• Pike, Rob — Rob Pike: From Unix to Go · also in Go: The Cloud-Native Language, Ken Thompson and Unix, Andrew Tanenbaum and MINIX, Brian Kernighan and the Unix Tools, Concurrency and Parallelism: Threads, Locks, and the Hard Problem, Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, The Death Nobody Noticed: Dennis Ritchie, October 2011, The Philosophy of Programming Languages, Tony Hoare and the Science of Programming, Unicode and UTF-8: The Long Road to a Universal Character Set
• Pitroda, Sam — Sam Pitroda and India’s Telecom Revolution · also in India’s IT Industry
• Postel, Jon — Jon Postel: The God of the Internet · also in The Domain Name System: The Internet’s Phone Book, ARPANET: Building the Network That Became the Internet, The Open Standards Process: How the Internet Governs Itself, @ : The Symbol That Connected the World, David Mills and NTP, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Larry Roberts and ARPANET: The Network Architect, The Connected World: From Packet Switching to the Global Web
• Poulsen, Kevin — Kevin Poulsen: Dark Dante and the Radio Station Hack · also in Aaron Swartz: The Internet’s Own Boy, Julian Assange: From “Mendax” to WikiLeaks, Marcus Hutchins: The Accidental Hero of WannaCry, Outlaws and Provocateurs, Peiter “Mudge” Zatko: The Hacker Who Warned Washington, The Hacker Culture: Curiosity as a Way of Life, The History of Hacking: From Exploration to Geopolitics

R

• Ren Zhengfei — Ren Zhengfei and Huawei: From PLA Engineer to Global Telecom Giant · also in Cellular Networks: From 1G to 5G, China Computer Federation (CCF), China’s Tech Industry: From Follower to Frontier, Cisco: The Company That Routed the Internet, Nokia: The Mobile Empire That Couldn’t Become a Software Company, Qualcomm: The Invisible Tax on Every Phone, Rust: The Language That Solved C’s Fifty-Year-Old Problem, Sam Pitroda and India’s Telecom Revolution, Samsung: From Dried Fish to the World’s Memory, The Cloud Wars: AWS, Azure, GCP, and the Infrastructure Battle, The Nordic Tech Industry: Nokia, Linux, Spotify, and the Open Source North, The Patent Wars
• Ritchie, Dennis — Dennis Ritchie and the C Language · also in Brian Kernighan and the Unix Tools, Ken Thompson and Unix, The Death Nobody Noticed: Dennis Ritchie, October 2011, ALGOL: The Language That Taught Programming How to Teach Itself, Bell Labs: The Idea Factory, Rust: The Language That Solved C’s Fifty-Year-Old Problem, The Unix Story: The Operating System That Ate the World, “Hello, World!”: The Origin of the Universal First Program, Ada: The Language the Pentagon Built, C’s Undefined Behavior: The Language Feature That Isn’t a Feature, Christopher Strachey: The Programmer Who Made a Computer Write Love Letters, DEC and the Minicomputer Era, Family Ties, LLVM: The Compiler Infrastructure That Conquered Programming, Rob Pike: From Unix to Go, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, The Multics Story, The Next Y2K: January 19, 2038, The Open Source Revolution, Unix Was Built to Play a Game, Yann LeCun and Convolutional Networks
• Rivest, Ron — Rivest, Shamir, Adleman and RSA · also in Randomness in Algorithms, The Antivirus Industry, The History of Wi-Fi, MD5 Cracked in Under One Second: The Checksum Used as a Lock, Public Key Cryptography: The Mathematics That Secured the Internet, Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman: The Key Exchange That Unlocked the Internet, Cryptography: The Secret Science, Cybersecurity: The Invisible War, Shafi Goldwasser and Silvio Micali: Proving Cryptography Works
• Roberts, Larry — Larry Roberts and ARPANET: The Network Architect · also in ARPANET: Building the Network That Became the Internet, “LO”: The First Message Sent on the ARPANET, J.C.R. Licklider and the Intergalactic Network, Paul Baran and Packet Switching: The Network That Was Never Built, Radia Perlman and the Spanning Tree Protocol, The Myth: The Internet Was Designed to Survive Nuclear War
• Rosenblatt, Frank — Frank Rosenblatt: The Forgotten Pioneer of Neural Networks · also in Seymour Papert and the Children’s Machine
• van Rossum, Guido — Guido van Rossum and Python · also in Python and the Flying Circus: How a Comedy Show Named a Programming Language, The Open Source Movement, “Hello, World!”: The Origin of the Universal First Program, ALGOL: The Language That Taught Programming How to Teach Itself, APL: The Language Written in Its Own Alphabet, Adele Goldberg and Smalltalk, Alan Kay and Smalltalk, Alonzo Church and Lambda Calculus, Anders Hejlsberg: From Turbo Pascal to TypeScript, Andrew Tanenbaum and MINIX, Assembly, Machine Code, and Bytecode: The Low-Level Layer, Barbara Liskov and Data Abstraction, Brian Kernighan and the Unix Tools, Christmas Day, 1994: The Birth of Ruby, Concurrency and Parallelism: Threads, Locks, and the Hard Problem, Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation, Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, Design Patterns and the Gang of Four, Elon Musk and Software-Defined Industry, European Computer Science Academia, Frances Allen and Compiler Optimization, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Garbage Collection: Automatic Memory Management, Go: The Cloud-Native Language, HTTP 418: The Error Code That Exists to Brew Nothing, … and 38 more

S

• Sakamura, Ken — Ken Sakamura and TRON · also in From Carburetor to Code: The Computer in the Car, Japan’s Computing Industry
• Sammet, Jean — Jean Sammet and COBOL · also in Adele Goldberg and Smalltalk, COBOL: The Language That Runs Banking, German Chapter of the ACM, The Rise of High-Level Languages: The First Wave
• Schmidhuber, Jürgen — Schmidhuber, Hochreiter, and LSTM · also in Andrej Karpathy and Modern AI, Machine Translation, Speech Recognition, Germany’s Computing Pioneers, Yoshua Bengio and the Montreal School
• Schmitz, Kim — Kim Schmitz (Kim Dotcom) · also in The Warez and Filesharing Era: Copying as Rebellion, Industry, and Revolution, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Outlaws and Provocateurs
• Schneier, Bruce — Bruce Schneier: The Public Intellectual of Security · also in The Vulnerability Disclosure Debate: Full Disclosure, Responsible Disclosure, and the Bug Bounty Economy
• Schreyer, Helmut — Helmut Schreyer: The Missed Electronic Age · also in Konrad Zuse and the Z3
• Shamir, Adi — Rivest, Shamir, Adleman and RSA · also in The History of Wi-Fi, Randomness in Algorithms, The Antivirus Industry, Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman: The Key Exchange That Unlocked the Internet, Cryptography: The Secret Science, Cybersecurity: The Invisible War, Israel’s Tech Industry: From Unit 8200 to Startup Nation, Public Key Cryptography: The Mathematics That Secured the Internet
• Shannon, Claude — Claude Shannon and Information Theory · also in Coding Theory and Error Correction, Data Compression, Bell Labs: The Idea Factory, Claude Shannon: The Juggling Mathematician of Bell Labs, Cryptography: The Secret Science, Deep Blue and Computer Chess, George Boole and Boolean Logic, John McCarthy and LISP, The Ultimate Machine: The Box That Turned Itself Off, Bioinformatics and the Human Genome, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Ivan Sutherland and Sketchpad: The First Graphical Interface, John Hopfield and Neural Networks, Kolmogorov Complexity, Konrad Zuse and the Z3, Marvin Minsky and the MIT AI Lab: The Architect of Artificial Minds, Norbert Wiener and Cybernetics, The Chomsky Hierarchy: Grammar, Languages, and the Spine of Every Parser, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman: The Key Exchange That Unlocked the Internet, Yann LeCun and Convolutional Networks
• Simon, Herbert — Newell and Simon: The Thinking Machines · also in Expert Systems and the First AI Winter, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, The Attention Economy, J.C.R. Licklider and the Intergalactic Network, John McCarthy and LISP, The Social Media Revolution: Connection, Addiction, and the Fragmentation of Public Space
• Snowden, Edward — Edward Snowden and the NSA · also in The Privacy War: Surveillance, Data, and the Architecture of Attention, Chelsea Manning: The Analyst Who Leaked a War, Phil Zimmermann and PGP: Privacy for the People, The Digital Rights Movement, BULLRUN: The NSA’s $250 Million Encryption Weakening Program, Bruce Schneier: The Public Intellectual of Security, Cybersecurity: The Invisible War, Famous Leaks, Julian Assange: From “Mendax” to WikiLeaks, Outlaws and Provocateurs, Rivest, Shamir, Adleman and RSA, Surveillance Capitalism: The Business Model That Monetized Human Behavior, The Crypto Wars of the 1990s, The Hacker Culture: Curiosity as a Way of Life, The History of Cyberwar: When Code Became a Weapon, Tor and Anonymity Networks
• Spärck Jones, Karen — Karen Spärck Jones and Information Retrieval
• Stallman, Richard — Richard Stallman and GNU · also in Linus Torvalds and Linux, The Open Source Business Model, The Open Source Movement, The Open Source Revolution, Copyright and IP in the Digital Age, Marvin Minsky and the MIT AI Lab: The Architect of Artificial Minds, Mitchell Baker and Mozilla, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Shareware and Public Domain: Software Distribution Before the Internet, Steve Wozniak: The Engineer’s Apple, Stewart Brand and the Whole Earth, The Compiler: Translating Human Intent into Machine Code, The Digital Rights Movement, The History of Desktop Environments, The History of Hacking: From Exploration to Geopolitics, The IDE Wars
• Stonebraker, Michael — Michael Stonebraker and Postgres · also in The Database Revolution: From Filing Cabinets to the Relational Model, The Database Wars: Oracle, Open Source, and the Cloud
• Strachey, Christopher — Christopher Strachey: The Programmer Who Made a Computer Write Love Letters · also in Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Family Ties, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Joseph Weizenbaum and ELIZA, The First Computer Love Letters: Manchester, 1952
• Stroustrup, Bjarne — Bjarne Stroustrup and C++ · also in Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard: The Inventors of Object-Oriented Programming, Bell Labs: The Idea Factory, Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, Haskell and Pure Functional Programming, LLVM: The Compiler Infrastructure That Conquered Programming, Simula: The Language That Invented Objects Before Anyone Called Them That, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, The OOP Revolution: Objects All the Way Down
• Sunde, Peter — Peter Sunde and The Pirate Bay · also in Copyright and IP in the Digital Age, Napster and the P2P Music Revolution, Outlaws and Provocateurs, The Digital Rights Movement, The Warez and Filesharing Era: Copying as Rebellion, Industry, and Revolution
• Sutherland, Ivan — Ivan Sutherland and Sketchpad: The First Graphical Interface · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Simula: The Language That Invented Objects Before Anyone Called Them That, The History of Virtual Reality, Alan Kay and Smalltalk, J.C.R. Licklider and the Intergalactic Network, John Warnock and PostScript, Larry Roberts and ARPANET: The Network Architect, The Computer Societies Movement, The History of Displays
• Sutskever, Ilya — Ilya Sutskever and the GPT Series · also in Sam Altman and OpenAI, Schmidhuber, Hochreiter, and LSTM, The Transformer: “Attention Is All You Need”, Andrej Karpathy and Modern AI, Andrew Ng and AI Education, Canada’s AI Cluster: How Three Universities Produced the Deep Learning Revolution, Computer Vision, Fei-Fei Li and ImageNet: The Dataset That Fed the Revolution, Geoffrey Hinton and Deep Learning, ImageNet: The Dataset That Proved Deep Learning Worked, Jensen Huang and Nvidia: From Graphics to the Engine of AI, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution
• Swartz, Aaron — Aaron Swartz: The Internet’s Own Boy · also in Alexandra Elbakyan and Sci-Hub, Brewster Kahle and the Internet Archive, The Digital Rights Movement, Kevin Poulsen: Dark Dante and the Radio Station Hack, Outlaws and Provocateurs, The 414s: The Teenagers Who Made Congress Notice Hacking, The Hacker Culture: Curiosity as a Way of Life, The Warez and Filesharing Era: Copying as Rebellion, Industry, and Revolution

T

• Tanenbaum, Andrew — Andrew Tanenbaum and MINIX · also in Linus Torvalds and Linux, Operating System Concepts: Kernels, Processes, and Scheduling, The Nordic Tech Industry: Nokia, Linux, Spotify, and the Open Source North, The Open Source Revolution
• Tauschek, Gustav — Gustav Tauschek: The Forgotten Inventor · also in The Storage Revolution: From Magnetic Tape to Silicon
• Tesler, Larry — Larry Tesler and the War on Modes · also in Dead End: Apple Newton, Human-Computer Interaction: From Terminals to Touch, The History of Desktop Environments
• Thiel, Peter — Peter Thiel and the PayPal Mafia · also in The E-Commerce Revolution: Selling Everything to Everyone, DeepMind and AlphaGo: The Match That Changed AI, Mark Zuckerberg and Facebook: The Social Network That Rewired Society
• Thompson, Ken — Ken Thompson and Unix · also in Go: The Cloud-Native Language, Rob Pike: From Unix to Go, Bell Labs: The Idea Factory, Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, Doug McIlroy and Unix Pipes, Fernando Corbató and Time-Sharing, Interviews and Oral Histories, Paul Karger: Mr. High Assurance, The Multics Story, The Unix Story: The Operating System That Ate the World, Unix Was Built to Play a Game, “Hello, World!”: The Origin of the Universal First Program, Brian Kernighan and the Unix Tools, Christopher Strachey: The Programmer Who Made a Computer Write Love Letters, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Secure by Design: A History of Software Security Engineering, String Matching, The Chomsky Hierarchy: Grammar, Languages, and the Spine of Every Parser, The Death Nobody Noticed: Dennis Ritchie, October 2011, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, The Next Y2K: January 19, 2038, The Open Source Revolution, The Philosophy of Programming Languages, Unicode and UTF-8: The Long Road to a Universal Character Set, Yann LeCun and Convolutional Networks
• Torres Quevedo, Leonardo — Leonardo Torres Quevedo and El Ajedrecista · also in Before the Computer: Mechanical Calculation, Charles Babbage: The Visionary Architect, Deep Blue and Computer Chess
• Torvalds, Linus — Linus Torvalds and Linux · also in 10,000 to 27 Million: The Linux Kernel’s 2,700× Growth, The Nordic Computer Societies, The Rise of Version Control: From SCCS to Git and GitHub, Andrew Tanenbaum and MINIX, CeBIT and the Age of the Computer Trade Fair, Git: Named After Its Creator, Written in Ten Days, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, The BSD Family: The Open-Source Unix That Survived a Lawsuit, The Nordic Tech Industry: Nokia, Linux, Spotify, and the Open Source North, The Open Source Revolution, Adele Goldberg and Smalltalk, Android: The Dominant Mobile OS, Andy Bechtolsheim and Sun, Bell Labs: The Idea Factory, Bill Joy: The Other Sun Founder, Canadian Information Processing Society (CIPS), China’s Tech Industry: From Follower to Frontier, ChromeOS and the Browser-as-OS: Google’s Bet on the Web, Data Communication Prehistory: Telegraph, Morse, and Teletype, David Mills and NTP, Dead End: BeOS, Dead End: Google Stadia, Dead End: Intel Itanium, Dead End: Palm and the PDA, Dead End: Sun Microsystems, … and 57 more
• Tramiel, Jack — Jack Tramiel and Commodore · also in Dead End: The Amiga, BASIC: The Language That Democratized Programming, Computing in East Germany: Robotron and the Kombinate, Dead End: Bildschirmtext, Family Ties, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Grace Hopper: The Queen of Code, Günter von Gravenreuth and the Tanja Letters, Linus Torvalds and Linux, Motorola: The Company That Built the Cell Phone and Then Lost It, Shareware and Public Domain: Software Distribution Before the Internet, The AOL Era, The Accessibility Revolution in Computing: How Technology Learned to Include Everyone, The Altair 8800: The Spark That Started the Microcomputer Revolution, The Atari ST, The Best-Selling Computer: Commodore 64, The Demoscene: Coding as an Art Form, The History of Displays, The IBM PC: The Open Architecture That Standardized Computing, The Microprocessor Revolution, The Personal Computing Explosion, The Raspberry Pi: Designed for Children, Bought by Adults, Two Waivers: Grace Hopper Joins the Navy at 37
• Tukey, John — Cooley, Tukey, and the Fast Fourier Transform · also in Rudolf Kálmán and the Kalman Filter, Claude Shannon and Information Theory
• Turing, Alan — Alan Turing and the Enigma · also in The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, Alonzo Church and Lambda Calculus, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, David Hilbert and the Entscheidungsproblem, The Algorithm as a Concept: From Euclid to Turing, Ada Lovelace and the Analytical Engine, Alan Turing’s 2:46 Marathon, Automata Theory and Computability, Christopher Strachey: The Programmer Who Made a Computer Write Love Letters, Germany’s Computing Pioneers, Gödel and the Incompleteness Theorems, John Hopfield and Neural Networks, P vs. NP and Complexity Theory: The Hardest Easy Question, The Manchester Baby: The First Stored-Program Computer, The UK Computing Industry: From Bletchley to DeepMind, The Von Neumann Architecture, Tommy Flowers and Colossus, “Algorithm”: A Word from the 9th Century, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Charles Babbage: The Visionary Architect, Cryptography: The Secret Science, Deep Blue and Computer Chess, Elizebeth Smith Friedman: The Hidden Codebreaker, European Computer Science Academia, Konrad Zuse and the Z3, … and 9 more

U

• Ulbricht, Ross — Ross Ulbricht and the Silk Road · also in Tor and Anonymity Networks, Outlaws and Provocateurs
• Uszkoreit, Hans — Hans Uszkoreit and German Language Technology · also in Family Ties, The Natural Language Processing Revolution, The Transformer: “Attention Is All You Need”

V

• Volozh, Arkady — Arkady Volozh and Yandex: The Russian Internet · also in Dead End: The Semantic Web, Soviet and Russian Computing: Parallel History, Divergent Fate

W

• Wales, Jimmy — Jimmy Wales and Wikipedia · also in Ward Cunningham and the Wiki: The Simplest Thing That Could Possibly Work, Aaron Swartz: The Internet’s Own Boy, Andrej Karpathy and Modern AI, Brewster Kahle and the Internet Archive, CeBIT and the Age of the Computer Trade Fair, Copyright and IP in the Digital Age, Dead End: The Semantic Web, Digital Maps and GIS, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Günter von Gravenreuth and the Tanja Letters, Internet Law and Section 230, PHP: The Language Built to Track a Resume, PHP: The Web’s Workhorse, The BBS Era: Bulletin Boards and the First Online Culture, The Database Wars: Oracle, Open Source, and the Cloud, The Digital Rights Movement, The Nordic Tech Industry: Nokia, Linux, Spotify, and the Open Source North, The Transformer: “Attention Is All You Need”, The Warez and Filesharing Era: Copying as Rebellion, Industry, and Revolution, Watson’s $947 Bet: IBM’s AI on Jeopardy, Yann LeCun and Convolutional Networks
• Wall, Larry — Larry Wall and Perl · also in Brian Kernighan and the Unix Tools, Doug McIlroy and Unix Pipes, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, The Philosophy of Programming Languages
• Wang Yongmin — Wang Yongmin and the Chinese Input Wars · also in The Globalization of Software: i18n, L10n, and the Hidden Complexity of “Hello, World”
• Warnock, John — John Warnock and PostScript · also in Adobe: The Creative Software Empire, Butler Lampson and Xerox PARC, Early Networking Failures: The Protocol Wars, Hewlett-Packard, Ivan Sutherland and Sketchpad: The First Graphical Interface, The Desktop Publishing Revolution
• Weizenbaum, Joseph — Joseph Weizenbaum and ELIZA · also in Christopher Strachey: The Programmer Who Made a Computer Write Love Letters, The First Computer Love Letters: Manchester, 1952, ELIZA: The Chatbot That Horrified Its Creator, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Hans Uszkoreit and German Language Technology, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, The Natural Language Processing Revolution, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution
• why the lucky stiff — why the lucky stiff · also in Ruby and Rails, The Philosophy of Programming Languages
• Widlar, Bob — Bob Widlar and Analog Integrated Circuits
• Wiener, Norbert — Norbert Wiener and Cybernetics · also in Automation and the Future of Work, John Hopfield and Neural Networks, John McCarthy and LISP, Joseph Weizenbaum and ELIZA, Kateryna Yushchenko and the Address Language, OGAS: The Soviet Internet That Never Was, Project Cybersyn: Chile’s Cybernetic Dream, Soviet and Russian Computing: Parallel History, Divergent Fate, The Container Revolution
• Wilkes, Maurice — Maurice Wilkes and EDSAC · also in ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, BCS: The Chartered Institute for IT, Computer Science Firsts, ENIAC and the First Electronic Computers, European Computer Science Academia, Gene Amdahl and the System/360, IEEE Computer Society, Kathleen Booth and the First Assembler, Scientific and Numerical Computing, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline, The First Computer Music: Australia, 1951, The Manchester Baby: The First Stored-Program Computer, The UK Computing Industry: From Bletchley to DeepMind, The Von Neumann Architecture
• Williams, Ken — Ken and Roberta Williams and Sierra On-Line · also in Family Ties
• Williams, Roberta — Ken and Roberta Williams and Sierra On-Line · also in Family Ties
• Wilson, Sophie — Sophie Wilson and ARM · also in The ARM Architecture: The Chip That Runs the World, BASIC: The Language That Democratized Programming, The UK Computing Industry: From Bletchley to DeepMind, Tim Cook and Apple
• Winer, Dave — Dave Winer and RSS · also in The Podcast Revolution, Aaron Swartz: The Internet’s Own Boy
• Wirth, Niklaus — Niklaus Wirth and Pascal · also in “Considered Harmful”: How a Title Change Launched a Meme, The History of Parsing: From BNF to ANTLR, ALGOL: The Language That Taught Programming How to Teach Itself, Ada: The Language the Pentagon Built, Anders Hejlsberg: From Turbo Pascal to TypeScript, Computer Science Education: Teaching the Machine, Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation, Edsger Dijkstra and Structured Programming, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Go: The Cloud-Native Language, Larry Tesler and the War on Modes, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Switzerland’s Tech Industry: Neutrality, Precision, and the Birthplace of the Web, The Computer Societies Movement, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, The Netherlands’ Tech Industry: Philips, ASML, and the Chokepoint, The Software Crisis: How a 1968 Conference Named Computing’s Permanent Problem, Tony Hoare and the Science of Programming
• Wozniak, Steve — Steve Wozniak: The Engineer’s Apple · also in Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Steve Jobs and Apple, BASIC: The Language That Democratized Programming, Five Rejections: How HP Passed on the Apple Computer, Hewlett-Packard, Interviews and Oral Histories, John Draper: Captain Crunch and the Blue Box, The $800 Exit: Apple’s Third Founder Quit After Twelve Days, The Altair 8800: The Spark That Started the Microcomputer Revolution, CeBIT and the Age of the Computer Trade Fair, John Perry Barlow and the Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Mike Markkula: The Adult Supervision, Nolan Bushnell and Atari, Stewart Brand and the Whole Earth, The Digital Rights Movement, The Hacker Culture: Curiosity as a Way of Life, The History of Hacking: From Exploration to Geopolitics, The Personal Computing Explosion
• Wright, Craig — Craig Wright: The Man Who Said He Was Satoshi · also in Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Outlaws and Provocateurs

Y

• Yushchenko, Kateryna — Kateryna Yushchenko and the Address Language · also in OGAS: The Soviet Internet That Never Was, Soviet and Russian Computing: Parallel History, Divergent Fate, Women in Computing: The Invisible Pioneers

Z

• Zatko, Peiter — Peiter “Mudge” Zatko: The Hacker Who Warned Washington · also in Marcus Hutchins: The Accidental Hero of WannaCry, Outlaws and Provocateurs
• Zimmermann, Phil — Phil Zimmermann and PGP: Privacy for the People · also in The Crypto Wars of the 1990s, The Digital Rights Movement, Cybersecurity: The Invisible War, Germany’s IT Industry, Public Key Cryptography: The Mathematics That Secured the Internet, Rivest, Shamir, Adleman and RSA, Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman: The Key Exchange That Unlocked the Internet
• Zuckerberg, Mark — Mark Zuckerberg and Facebook: The Social Network That Rewired Society · also in $345 Million Per Employee: The WhatsApp Acquisition, 13 Employees, $1 Billion: The Instagram Acquisition, Surveillance Capitalism: The Business Model That Monetized Human Behavior, The History of Virtual Reality, The Social Media Revolution: Connection, Addiction, and the Fragmentation of Public Space, @ : The Symbol That Connected the World, AI Ethics and Algorithmic Bias, Andy Bechtolsheim and Sun, Bill Campbell: The Trillion Dollar Coach, ByteDance and TikTok: The Algorithm That Reorganized Attention, Canada’s AI Cluster: How Three Universities Produced the Deep Learning Revolution, Computing in Popular Culture, Content Moderation, Dead End: Google Buzz, Dead End: Google Wave, Dead End: Google+, Dead End: Orkut, Dead End: Palm and the PDA, Dead End: Second Life, Dead End: VRML & The First Metaverse, Dead End: Vine, Dead End: Web3 and NFTs, Dead End: Yahoo!, Digital Photography and the Fall of Kodak, Disinformation and Misinformation, … and 64 more
• Zuse, Konrad — Konrad Zuse and the Z3 · also in Computer Science Firsts, European Computer Science Academia, Family Ties, Gesellschaft für Informatik: Establishing Informatik in Germany, Helmut Schreyer: The Missed Electronic Age, Interviews and Oral Histories, ENIAC and the First Electronic Computers, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Germany’s IT Industry, Kateryna Yushchenko and the Address Language, Leonardo Torres Quevedo and El Ajedrecista, The Computer Societies Movement